bell hooks, "ethnographic gaze", "an outsider looking in", "does not oppose the way hegemonic whiteness 'represents' blackness but rather assumes an imperial overseeing position that is in no way progressive or counterhegemonic." Judith Butler, "camera itself is empowered as phallic instrument", "the vehicle through which the transubstantiation occurs", "an instrument and effect of lesbian desire", "to enter into a logic of fetishization which installs the ambivalence of that 'performance" as related to our own." 但说实话自己观影时没觉得这部的gaze有多problematic/patronizing，守寡多年我和子发生了性关系可能因为我本身就是一个凝视这个群体的外人。